{"id":1535,"date":"2024-08-20T06:45:31","date_gmt":"2024-08-20T05:45:31","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/blog.performanceware.com.br\/?p=1535"},"modified":"2024-12-11T04:35:13","modified_gmt":"2024-12-11T04:35:13","slug":"designing-new-violins-from-scratch","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/riccardo964.techster.uk\/index.php\/2024\/08\/20\/designing-new-violins-from-scratch\/","title":{"rendered":"Designing new violins from scratch"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>What to look for? Proportions? Where to change?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>I shall next only <em>scratch the surface<\/em> attempting to answer these questions altogether.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"1000\" height=\"400\" src=\"https:\/\/riccardo964.techster.uk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/violin-origins-1.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1544\" srcset=\"https:\/\/riccardo964.techster.uk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/violin-origins-1.jpg 1000w, https:\/\/riccardo964.techster.uk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/violin-origins-1-300x120.jpg 300w, https:\/\/riccardo964.techster.uk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/violin-origins-1-768x307.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1000px) 100vw, 1000px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>We are in the very end building a <em>soundbox<\/em>, a box that produces sounds (isn&#8217;t that <strong>obvious<\/strong>?). What can possibly influence this?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Differentiating violins altogether<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>How? There are three areas that distinguish violin makers (most of the time, all other things being equal): <\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>The <strong>scroll<\/strong>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>The <strong>C-bouts<\/strong> shape.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>The <strong>ff-holes<\/strong> shape.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p>Makers would add some personality on those items. They could also create a distinct <strong><em>bee-sting<\/em><\/strong>, employ <strong><em>exotic wood<\/em><\/strong> on linings, or even use <strong><em>corner blocks<\/em><\/strong> in a different way, however, those are quite cosmetic (and sometimes hidden, like the latter).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Tradition and &#8220;evolution&#8221;<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>The violin form that we are used to nowadays is an &#8220;evolution&#8221; of different instruments over time.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Notable examples are the Rebec and the Viola da Gamba, as seen in the next figure alongside other examples.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"460\" height=\"386\" src=\"https:\/\/riccardo964.techster.uk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/violin-evolution-1.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1539\" srcset=\"https:\/\/riccardo964.techster.uk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/violin-evolution-1.png 460w, https:\/\/riccardo964.techster.uk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/violin-evolution-1-300x252.png 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 460px) 100vw, 460px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Proportions<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Size matters. \ud83d\ude00<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The scroll in particular could employ the &#8220;Golden Ratio&#8221;, or a Fibonacci spiral.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>In this link, one could fine a very good explanation of the <a href=\"http:\/\/'https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Fibonacci_sequence\">Fibonacci Sequence<\/a>:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"634\" src=\"https:\/\/riccardo964.techster.uk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/fibo-seq-1-1024x634.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1582\" srcset=\"https:\/\/riccardo964.techster.uk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/fibo-seq-1-1024x634.png 1024w, https:\/\/riccardo964.techster.uk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/fibo-seq-1-300x186.png 300w, https:\/\/riccardo964.techster.uk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/fibo-seq-1-768x475.png 768w, https:\/\/riccardo964.techster.uk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/fibo-seq-1.png 1280w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>It&#8217;s basically starting with 0 and 1 and counting the last two numbers (starting points are [1] and [2]):<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>[1] 0<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>[2] 1<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>[3] 1+0=1<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>[4] 1+1=2<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>[5] 2+1=3<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>[6] 3+2=5<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>[7] 5+3=8<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>[8] 8+5=13<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>[9] 13+8=21<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>&#8230;<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>We generated the first 9 numbers of the infinite series.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>They used to think this represents rabbits&#8217; population growth, but it has been refuted through experimentation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>It&#8217;s more interesting to think that those patterns are present in Nature, such as branching in trees, leaves in stems, fruit sprouts in pineapple, and so on.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>And then we get to talk about the <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Golden_spiral\">Golden Spiral.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>One way to create a Golden spiral, approximating a Fibonacci spiral is as follows.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Create a triangle rectangle with double the sides, ie, if one side has 3 units of length, the other will have 9 units (and vice-versa).\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>For this case, you&#8217;ll see the hypotenuse has size 6 (using Pythagoras&#8217; method).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Use a geometry compass to find the length of the next segment.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Draw a semi-circle with that length.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Find out where it hits the <em>hypotenuse<\/em>. This is your next segment.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Keep drawing semi-circles as you wish, repeating steps 2-4.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Profit.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"816\" height=\"286\" src=\"https:\/\/riccardo964.techster.uk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/fibo-1.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1556\" srcset=\"https:\/\/riccardo964.techster.uk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/fibo-1.png 816w, https:\/\/riccardo964.techster.uk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/fibo-1-300x105.png 300w, https:\/\/riccardo964.techster.uk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/fibo-1-768x269.png 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 816px) 100vw, 816px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Creating the base triangle rectangle with side 3 and 9, as instructed, and proceeding finding out next radius for the semi-circles.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>Then:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"744\" height=\"298\" src=\"https:\/\/riccardo964.techster.uk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/fibo-2.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1557\" srcset=\"https:\/\/riccardo964.techster.uk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/fibo-2.png 744w, https:\/\/riccardo964.techster.uk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/fibo-2-300x120.png 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 744px) 100vw, 744px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Those are your segments, and where they hit the hypotenuse &#8211; this is your next semi-circle radius.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>Finally:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"748\" height=\"240\" src=\"https:\/\/riccardo964.techster.uk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/fibo-3.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1558\" srcset=\"https:\/\/riccardo964.techster.uk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/fibo-3.png 748w, https:\/\/riccardo964.techster.uk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/fibo-3-300x96.png 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 748px) 100vw, 748px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">This is what you are aiming for (middle): generating semi-circles and putting them in the right places to create the Golden spiral.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>So, technically speaking, you can change this at will, and if you wish to keep it looking like a Golden spiral, just follow those &#8216;rules&#8217; and you will be fine.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Curtate cycloids<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>According to <a href=\"https:\/\/mathworld.wolfram.com\/CurtateCycloid.html\">Mathworld Wolfram&#8217;s website<\/a>:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p><em>A curtate cycloid, sometimes also called a contracted cycloid, is the path traced out by a fixed point at a radius b&lt;a, where a is the radius of a rolling circle.<\/em><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"522\" height=\"132\" src=\"https:\/\/riccardo964.techster.uk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/curtate-1.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1583\" srcset=\"https:\/\/riccardo964.techster.uk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/curtate-1.jpg 522w, https:\/\/riccardo964.techster.uk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/curtate-1-300x76.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 522px) 100vw, 522px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>By varying h one can generate other segments.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"520\" height=\"297\" src=\"https:\/\/riccardo964.techster.uk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/curtate-3.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1585\" srcset=\"https:\/\/riccardo964.techster.uk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/curtate-3.png 520w, https:\/\/riccardo964.techster.uk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/curtate-3-300x171.png 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 520px) 100vw, 520px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/www.makingtheviolin.com\">Making the violin&#8217;s website<\/a> discusses curtate cycloids in <a href=\"http:\/\/www.makingtheviolin.com\/Arching\">Arching<\/a> section, with good examples and figures.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>There is this <a href=\"https:\/\/cs.uwaterloo.ca\/~smann\/ccycloid\/\">tool by Professor Stephen Mann<\/a> for representing <em>cycloid curves<\/em>. You can play with different parameters and even generate PDFs.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full is-resized\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"869\" height=\"348\" src=\"https:\/\/riccardo964.techster.uk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/curtate-2.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1584\" style=\"width:537px;height:auto\" srcset=\"https:\/\/riccardo964.techster.uk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/curtate-2.png 869w, https:\/\/riccardo964.techster.uk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/curtate-2-300x120.png 300w, https:\/\/riccardo964.techster.uk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/curtate-2-768x308.png 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 869px) 100vw, 869px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>There&#8217;s a (fruitful?) <a href=\"https:\/\/maestronet.com\/forum\/index.php?\/topic\/338381-curtate-cycloids-again\/\">discussion in Maestronet<\/a> about this topic (one out of many).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Choice of wood<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Wood has a distinctive influence on sound.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Basic wood are:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Maple <\/strong>for the back and the bridge.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Spruce <\/strong>for the top.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Spruce or willow (or other) for corner blocks and linings.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Ebony <\/strong>for fingerboard, pegs, end-button, and tailpiece.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p>One could search for alternatives, however, of course they come with lots of trade-offs. For instance, one could use pine (oh, the horror), however, the number of knots might be an issue.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Ebony takes a long time to grow and mature, thus they have secured protection so they don&#8217;t disappear from the face of the Earth. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>A replacement for ebony is <a href=\"https:\/\/www.wood-database.com\/tamarind\/\">tamarind <\/a>or rosewood (this one also protected &#8211; link for <a href=\"https:\/\/www.wood-database.com\/brazilian-rosewood\/\">Brazilian Rosewood<\/a> as there are many species). <a href=\"https:\/\/www.wood-database.com\/osage-orange\/\">Osage Orange<\/a> has also been used.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Look also at <a href=\"https:\/\/www.vrichelieu.com\/sonowood\">sonowood<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Knots in wood<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Knots in violins have been used in the past and there&#8217;s an interesting <a href=\"https:\/\/maestronet.com\/forum\/index.php?\/topic\/328190-knots-in-wood\/\">discussion about this in Maestronet<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Observe the knots in the back of the 1670 &#8216;Tullaye&#8217; &#8211; it makes one wonder whether or not Stradivari had limited access to wood.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full is-resized\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"449\" height=\"838\" src=\"https:\/\/riccardo964.techster.uk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/knots-1.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1577\" style=\"width:339px;height:auto\" srcset=\"https:\/\/riccardo964.techster.uk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/knots-1.png 449w, https:\/\/riccardo964.techster.uk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/knots-1-161x300.png 161w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 449px) 100vw, 449px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Linseed Oil and Boiled Linseed Oil (BLO)<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>What about submerging wood in linseed oil: would that change anything?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>It penetrates wood quite deeply, and it might affect sound.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Linseed Oil never really hardens whereas Boiled Linseed Oil (BLO) hardens more quickly.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>First of all, safety alert: rags soaked with BLO <strong><mark style=\"background-color:#fef422\" class=\"has-inline-color\">might spontaneously combust<\/mark><\/strong>. This is a <a href=\"https:\/\/sawmillcreek.org\/showthread.php?131975-BLO-(-amp-others)-Spontaneous-Combustion\">known issue<\/a> in woodworking (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=9yq6VW-c2Ts\">YT Video<\/a>).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Theoretically, you could immerse wood on BLO, however, I can&#8217;t get on this rabbit hole right now.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">FF-holes<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>As we know, ff-holes directly influences the sound.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>There were people looking at other things to create these holes, like this <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thestrad.com\/tracing-the-development-of-violin-f-hole-design-through-peeling-an-orange\/5652.article\">Strad Magazine&#8217;s article<\/a>:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full is-resized\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"480\" height=\"600\" src=\"https:\/\/riccardo964.techster.uk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/orange-peel-ff-hole-1.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1540\" style=\"width:229px;height:auto\" srcset=\"https:\/\/riccardo964.techster.uk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/orange-peel-ff-hole-1.png 480w, https:\/\/riccardo964.techster.uk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/orange-peel-ff-hole-1-240x300.png 240w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 480px) 100vw, 480px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Body<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>One could &#8220;play&#8221; with different radiuses in curtate cycloids and come up with a different body structure.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Varnish<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Both internal and external varnishing could affect sound. Use of oil x spirit varnishes also.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>And, lest not forget, employing magickal components and wizardry might come in handy as well.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Adding varnishes and other components to violin might be the holy grail of violin making, a secret that nobody really knows for sure (<em>&#8220;What do we <strong>really<\/strong> know?&#8221;<\/em> &#8211; Sam Zygmuntwicz).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>I can&#8217;t get into this in this post, but certainly, it&#8217;ll be the subject of my forthcoming studies, for sure.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Soundbar and soundpost<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>You could design your own soundbar.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full is-resized\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"444\" height=\"410\" src=\"https:\/\/riccardo964.techster.uk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/soundbar-1.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1586\" style=\"width:303px;height:auto\" srcset=\"https:\/\/riccardo964.techster.uk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/soundbar-1.png 444w, https:\/\/riccardo964.techster.uk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/soundbar-1-300x277.png 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 444px) 100vw, 444px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>For soundposts, I wonder: could one vary it for improvements? I reckon <strong>not<\/strong> but well, everything is possible, right?.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Corners<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Could violin corners have an influence in the sound?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Most likely <strong>not<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>I have posted an interesting discussion about <a href=\"https:\/\/riccardo964.techster.uk\/index.php\/2024\/07\/23\/thinking-on-the-rib-corner-joints\/\">this earlier<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Bridge design<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Bridge is important in violin construction. I have discussed this in a <a href=\"https:\/\/riccardo964.techster.uk\/index.php\/2023\/10\/28\/designs-of-violin-bridges-part-i\/\">previous post<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Adaptation to varied humidity levels<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>We all know the influence of humidity in wood and how the violin withstands it over time, not presenting cracks or major issues related to wood contracting and expanding.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Zero influence on sound<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>These will never influence produced sound.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Scroll<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Pegbox<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Bee sting<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Epilogue<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>This has been yet another <em>wild ride<\/em>.  I thank you for reaching out till the end.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Obvious things that still affects sound after construction:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Player&#8217;s ability.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>String quality.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Bow quality.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Violin&#8217;s age and conservation.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Human biases towards violins.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>What if one desires to come up with different violin designs from scratch, what to think about this topic?<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":1546,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[8,22],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1535","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-general-lutherie","category-violin-making"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.6 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Designing new violins from scratch - 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